I've tried a couple of times to spend US$ in Mexico and nobody wanted it, so have used only MX$ since. You might already know that in Mexico and on Mexican websites, the "$" symbol is used to represent pesos.
There is a currency exchange in Cancun airport. You'll see it just after coming out of customs.
There are several money changers on 5th Ave in Playa, and a few money changers on the main street in Chetumal.
US$ are accepted in Belize; change might be given in BZ$.